Data sources
The figures in our reports are worked out from open data published by Australian governments, under licences that allow commercial use with attribution. We don't use listing portals, search engines or scraped data, and we don't use datasets licensed for non-commercial use only.
ABS ASGS Edition 3 Mesh Block to SA2 allocations
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Five-yearly (Census / ASGS Edition 3, 2021) · Mesh Block (2021) · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Use 2021 Mesh Block codes with ASGS Edition 3 allocations only. Census counts are subject to statistical perturbation; allocated ERP remains an estimate.
ABS ASGS Edition 3 Mesh Block to SAL allocations
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Five-yearly (Census / ASGS Edition 3, 2021) · Mesh Block (2021) · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Use 2021 Mesh Block codes with ASGS Edition 3 allocations only. Census counts are subject to statistical perturbation; allocated ERP remains an estimate.
ABS Building Approvals by SA2 (monthly)
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Monthly · SA2 · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Retrieved from the ABS Data API (SDMX CSV with labels).
ABS Census 2021 Mesh Block usual residents and dwellings
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Five-yearly (Census / ASGS Edition 3, 2021) · Mesh Block (2021) · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Use 2021 Mesh Block codes with ASGS Edition 3 allocations only. Census counts are subject to statistical perturbation; allocated ERP remains an estimate.
ABS Census 2021 selected medians and averages (G02) by postal area
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Five-yearly (Census 2021) · POA · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Retrieved from the ABS Data API (SDMX CSV with labels).
ABS Census 2021 selected medians and averages (G02) by suburb
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Five-yearly (Census 2021) · SAL · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Retrieved from the ABS Data API (SDMX CSV with labels).
ABS Census 2021 total usual resident persons (G01) by suburb
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Five-yearly (Census 2021) · SAL · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Retrieved from the ABS Data API (SDMX CSV with labels).
ABS Estimated Resident Population by SA2 (annual)
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Annual (June reference; released the following March) · SA2 · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Retrieved from the ABS Data API (SDMX CSV with labels).
ABS Local Government Areas 2025 boundaries
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Edition-based (ASGS Edition 3) · Local government area (LGA) · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Boundaries are statistical approximations (POA approximates postcodes).
ABS Postal Areas 2021 boundaries
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Edition-based (ASGS Edition 3) · Postal area (POA) · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Boundaries are statistical approximations (POA approximates postcodes).
ABS Statistical Area Level 2 2021 boundaries
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Edition-based (ASGS Edition 3) · SA2 · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Boundaries are statistical approximations (POA approximates postcodes).
ABS Suburbs and Localities 2021 boundaries
Australian Bureau of Statistics · Edition-based (ASGS Edition 3) · Suburb/locality (SAL) · Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Boundaries are statistical approximations (POA approximates postcodes).
NSW Rent and Sales Report — sales tables (quarterly)
Department of Communities and Justice, State of New South Wales · Quarterly (sales about two quarters behind) · Postcode and LGA; strata / non-strata / total · NSW
© State of New South Wales (Department of Communities and Justice), Rent and Sales Report.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Publisher suppresses prices for 10 or fewer sales and counts for 30 or fewer; keep suppression. Figures are quarterly snapshots; recent quarters can be revised in later issues.
NSW Rent and Sales Report — sales tables 2019–2022 (observed history)
Department of Communities and Justice, State of New South Wales · Quarterly (sales about two quarters behind) · Postcode and LGA; strata / non-strata / total · NSW
© State of New South Wales (Department of Communities and Justice), Rent and Sales Report.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Publisher suppresses prices for 10 or fewer sales and counts for 30 or fewer; keep suppression. Figures are quarterly snapshots; recent quarters can be revised in later issues.
NSW rental bond lodgements (monthly)
NSW Fair Trading, State of New South Wales · Monthly (published about 2-6 weeks after month end) · Postcode · NSW
© State of New South Wales (NSW Fair Trading rental bond data). For current information go to www.nsw.gov.au.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Licence is the nsw.gov.au site default (CC BY 4.0, https://www.nsw.gov.au/copyright); keep the attribution. Bonds record rent at the start of a new tenancy; they are not all current rents.
NSW rental bond lodgements, yearly archives 2021–2023 (observed history)
NSW Fair Trading, State of New South Wales · Yearly archive · Postcode · NSW
© State of New South Wales (NSW Fair Trading rental bond data). For current information go to www.nsw.gov.au.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Licence is the nsw.gov.au site default (CC BY 4.0, https://www.nsw.gov.au/copyright); keep the attribution. Bonds record rent at the start of a new tenancy; they are not all current rents.
Queensland RTA median rents and bond statistics (quarterly)
Residential Tenancies Authority, State of Queensland · Quarterly (published Jan/Apr/Jul/Oct; file overwritten in place) · Postcode, suburb and LGA; dwelling type × bedrooms · QLD
© The State of Queensland (Residential Tenancies Authority), median rents quarterly data.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 · Workbook states CC BY 4.0; the RTA website copyright page states CC BY 3.0 AU (both allow commercial use). Medians only (no quartiles); new-bond counts are published alongside.
School intake zones (catchment areas) for NSW government schools
NSW Department of Education · Monthly · School intake zone · NSW
© State of New South Wales (NSW Department of Education), School intake zones (catchment areas) for NSW government schools, licensed under CC BY 3.0 AU.
Licence: CC-BY-3.0-AU
Map services read at request time
Used by the NSW address check (and an investor report run with an NSW address before 25 October 2026), only when someone asks: the address is looked up and its lot found in the cadastre; the planning, hazard and further maps are read across the lot's whole shape (at the address point when the cadastre gives no boundary, said so); the 5 m elevation model is sampled for the lot's fall; the councils within 250 m are named and their development applications from the last 24 months read from the Planning Portal; the lot and layer shapes within about 220 m are read for the parcel map; and the points of interest within 1.5 km for what's nearby. Nothing is bulk-downloaded or crawled.
NSW Address Location Service (GURAS)
NSW Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service · Resolving a typed address to a property id and point
© State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service), NSW Address Location Service, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
NSW Geocoded Addressing Theme (GURAS address points and addresses)
NSW Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service · Suggesting the NSW street addresses that start with what is typed into an address box (what is typed is held only in the server's memory, with the register's answer, for at most 10 minutes; never written anywhere)
© State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service), NSW Geocoded Addressing Theme, CC BY 3.0 AU
Licence: CC-BY-3.0-AU
NSW Cadastre Web Service (lot and plan)
NSW Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service · Lot/plan, lot area and strata flag at the address point
© State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service), NSW Cadastre, CC BY 3.0 AU
Licence: CC-BY-3.0-AU
NSW Environmental Planning Instrument — Land Zoning
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Zone and governing instrument at the address point
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Land Zoning, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
NSW Environmental Planning Instrument — Heritage
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Heritage items and conservation areas at the address point
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Heritage, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
NSW Environmental Planning Instrument — Flood Planning Area
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Flood planning area as mapped in the planning instrument (councils hold the current flood studies)
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Flood, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
NSW Bush Fire Prone Land
NSW Rural Fire Service · Bush fire prone land category at the address point
© NSW Rural Fire Service 2026, Bush Fire Prone Land, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
NSW Environmental Planning Instrument — Acid Sulfate Soils
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Acid sulfate soils planning class at the address point
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Acid Sulfate Soils, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
NSW Environmental Planning Instrument — Airport Noise (ANEF)
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Aircraft noise exposure forecast contour at the address point
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Airport Noise, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
NSW Points of Interest
NSW Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service · Nearest stations, schools, hospitals, libraries and parks within 1.5 km of the address point (straight-line)
© State Government of NSW and Spatial Services (DCS) 2026, NSW Points of Interest, CC BY 3.0 AU
Licence: CC-BY-3.0-AU
EPI Height of Buildings (HOB)
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Maximum building height in the local environmental plan at the point
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Height of Buildings, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
EPI Floor Space Ratio (FSR)
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Floor space ratio in the local environmental plan at the point
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Floor Space Ratio, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
EPI Minimum Lot Size (LSZ)
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Minimum lot size in the local environmental plan at the point
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Minimum Lot Size, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
EPI Land Reservation Acquisition (LRA)
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Land reserved for acquisition in the local environmental plan at the point
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Land Reservation Acquisition, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
Easement — NSW Land Parcel and Property Theme (GDA2020 service)
NSW Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service · Easements drawn in the cadastre on the matched lot (mapped easements only; ask your conveyancer to check the title, plans and referenced instruments)
© State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, a business unit of the Department of Customer Service NSW), NSW Land Parcel and Property Theme — Easement, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
Biodiversity Values Map
NSW Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water · Whether the matched lot is on the Biodiversity Values Map, and its class
© State of New South Wales (Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water), Biodiversity Values Map, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
Mines Subsidence District — NSW Administrative Boundaries Theme (GDA2020 service)
NSW Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service · Whether the matched lot is in a mine subsidence district, and which
© State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, a business unit of the Department of Customer Service NSW), NSW Administrative Boundaries Theme — Mines Subsidence District, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
Environmental Planning Instrument — Landslide Risk
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Landslide risk land in the local environmental plan on the matched lot (6 councils' plans have this map)
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Landslide Risk, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
Environmental Planning Instrument — Riparian Lands and Watercourses
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Riparian land and watercourses in the local environmental plan on the matched lot (about 70 councils' plans have this map)
© State of New South Wales (Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure), EPI Riparian Lands and Watercourses, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
NSW 5 metre elevation (Foundation Spatial Data Framework — Elevation and Depth, Digital Elevation Model)
NSW Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service · The matched lot's approximate fall (lowest and highest sampled heights), approximate and not a survey
© State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service), NSW 5 m Digital Elevation Model, CC BY 3.0 AU
Licence: CC-BY-3.0-AU
NSW Planning Portal Online DA Data API
NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure · Development applications lodged in the address's council area in the last 24 months, for the lot and within 250 m (licence: ISO 19115 metadata use constraints, checked 21 Oct 2026)
© State Government of NSW and NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure, Online DA Data API (NSW Planning Portal), CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
Local Government Area — NSW Administrative Boundaries Theme (GDA2020 service)
NSW Spatial Services, Department of Customer Service · Which councils' areas lie within 250 m of the address, so the nearby development applications search reads each of them (council names only; no boundaries are shown or stored)
© State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, a business unit of the Department of Customer Service NSW), NSW Administrative Boundaries Theme — Local Government Area, CC BY 4.0
Licence: CC-BY-4.0
Statistics are shown in the geography the publisher uses (postcode, council area, suburb or ABS statistical area). Where we estimate a suburb figure from ABS statistical areas, the report says so.
What we change
We change the published data to make our reports: we filter and combine it, match it to areas and addresses, and calculate medians, ranges, changes and comparisons from it. Those calculated figures are ours. They're worked out from the published data, but the publishers haven't checked or endorsed them. The prices and rents you enter, and the assumptions in an investor report, are yours.
We leave out a quarter of the NSW Rent and Sales Report's sale prices when its figures look distorted, most often by bulk sales: a building or several lots sold in one deal, each lot recorded at the whole deal's price (for strata or non-strata homes, an upper quartile over three times the median, a median over two and a half times the area's usual one, or the same lower and upper quartile on 20 or more sales). How sale prices are used.
Keyfacts isn't affiliated with, or endorsed by, any of these publishers or any government agency, tenancy regulator or tribunal, including NSW Fair Trading, the Residential Tenancies Authority, NCAT and QCAT.